HZMMA对离子聚合物/聚氨酯(脲)弹性体合金增强机制的研究

采用热失重分析(TG)和原位红外研究了含有不饱和双键和羟基的单甲基丙烯酸锌(HZMMA)的化学反应行为;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了HZMMA由于其官能团的反应而发生的结构与形态变化。结果表明,针状的HZMMA晶体在引发剂的作用下能自聚形成大小不等的粒子,证实了HZMMA作为反应型增强剂用于制备离子聚合物/聚氨酯(脲)弹性体合金的可能性。以HZMMA作为增强剂,采用预聚体法,以PTMG-1000/甲基二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料制备预聚物,与自制的混合扩链剂制备出了含有不同量的离子聚合物聚氨酯(脲)弹性体合金,研究了HZMMA的用量对离子聚合物/聚醚型聚氨酯(脲)合金力学性能的影响。当HZMMA的质量分数为0.2%、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)质量分数为0.2%时,离子聚合物/聚醚型聚氨酯(脲)合金表现出最优的力学性能。     

金属锌表面超疏水薄膜的耐蚀及摩擦学性能的表征

目的改善金属锌在海洋环境中的耐蚀及摩擦学性能。方法通过简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术在金属锌表面制备超疏水薄膜,对薄膜的结构和润湿性进行了表征,研究了超疏水薄膜在模拟海水(3.5%Na Cl溶液)中的耐蚀性能和摩擦学性能。结果经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺水溶液刻蚀后,金属锌表面呈多尺度微纳的Zn O结构,Zn O结构经硬脂酸修饰后,表面呈现出超疏水特性,表面静态接触角达150°,滑动角小于5°。同时发现,在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中,金属锌表面超疏水薄膜具有优异的耐蚀性能,并能够显著降低摩擦和磨损。结论经简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术可在锌表面构筑超疏水薄膜,薄膜在海洋环境下具有良好的耐蚀、减摩及耐磨性能。     

Application of nitriding to electroless nickel–boron coatings: Chemical and structural effects; mechanical characterization; corrosion resistance

Electroless nickel–boron coatings, synthesized on mild steel, were submitted to nitridation treatments in varying conditions of pressure, temperature and atmosphere composition. One treatment was carried out under a reduced pressure of a nitrogen-based gas, the other under ambient pressure in a ammonia-based atmosphere.The modifications of the samples’ chemistry after those treatments were investigated by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy), GD-OES (Glow Discharge-Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and ToF-SIMS (Time of flight-Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy) analysis. Their structures and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The mechanical properties of the samples were investigated by micro- and nanohardness measurements successively on the free surface of the sample and on polished cross-sections; their roughness and resistance to scratch test were measured. Electrochemical corrosion tests were also carried out.The effects of both treatments were then compared: after the treatment carried out under lowered pressure, the coatings are dense, present signs of solution hardening and are characterized by a high hardness (close to 1600 hv₁₀₀). A combination layer is observable on the samples treated under an ammonia-based atmosphere. This outer layer possesses poorer mechanical properties but the inner layer of the coating presents properties similar to those of vacuum nitrided coatings. The corrosion resistance of the coatings is as good as that of heat treated coatings.     

烯酰吗啉在大葱中的残留消解动态

采用气相色谱质谱法测定了烯酰吗啉在春季大葱中的残留消解动态和最终残留量.样品经乙腈提取,SAX/PSA固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱质谱选择离子(GC/MS/SIM)检测.结果表明:方法在0.01～0.1 mg/kg水平的平均添加回收率为96.2%～105.7%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～5.7%,烯酰吗啉最小检出量为0.02 ng,最低检测质量分数为0.002 mg/kg.烯酰吗啉在大葱中消解较快,半衰期为3.5 d,药后14 d消解95%以上.50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂按推荐剂量(300 g a.i./hm2)和加倍剂量(600 g a.i./hm2)对水喷雾2～3次,末次施药后7、14、21 d烯酰吗啉在大葱中残留量为0.0094～0.681 mg/kg,低于日本规定的最大允许残留量(MRL).     

蒜制品中二氧化硫4种检测方法的比较研究

目的研究比较蒜制品中二氧化硫的检测方法。方法通过应用碘量法、比色法、柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法以及离子色谱法检测蒜制品中二氧化硫的结果进行比较分析。结果鲜蒜和脱水蒜制品的比色法检测结果差异较大。采用比色法(盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法)检测鲜蒜和脱水蒜制品中二氧化硫的结果普遍较高,蒜罐头类的检测结果与其他检测方法的值接近。采用滴定法、高效液相色谱法和离子色谱法的检测结果都较为接近。结论 4种方法都可用于蒜制品中二氧化硫的检测,但比色法不适用于鲜大蒜及脱水蒜制品中二氧化硫的检测。     

铝合金基底微碳球作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能及其润滑机理

采用绿色水热制备方法, 以葡萄糖为前身化合物一步制得直径在400~500 nm、尺寸均匀的单分散微碳球, 采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等手段对微碳球的表面形貌及化学特性进行表征, 利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察了微碳球作为润滑油添加剂在铝合金-钢摩擦副的减摩耐磨特性, 探讨了微碳球的润滑作用机理。结果表明: 将微碳球作为液体石蜡和商用机油润滑添加剂可以显著提高铝合金-钢摩擦副上的摩擦学性能, 这主要是因为在滑动过程中微碳球可能进入到接触区, 阻止摩擦副之间的直接接触, 并起到纳米滚珠作用。     

RNA病毒检测质控物质-大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2标准样品的研制和应用

目的研制大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2标准样品,以其作为RNA病毒检测质控物质,建立RNA病毒检测全过程的质量控制体系。方法利用液体培养法制备大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2标准样品;采用双层琼脂法对标准样品进行稳定性、均匀性测定并定值;将标准样品添加于贝类样品中,应用于贝类诺如病毒实时荧光检测全过程质量控制。结果该标准样品稳定性与均匀性良好,定值为(1.57±0.0288)×10~(11) pfu/m L;保质期为12个月;在4种不同贝类样品中,病毒提取效率在3.70%~7.84%之间,符合国际标准ISO 15216:2-2013的病毒提取效率大于1%的要求。结论该研究制备的大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2标准样品可以对RNA病毒检测全过程进行良好的质量控制,具有良好的应用前景。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定塑料玩具中48种致敏性芳香剂

本研究建立了塑料玩具中48种致敏性芳香剂的气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）同时检测方法。用四氢呋喃溶解粉碎的样品,甲醇沉淀塑料基质,离心后取上清液进行GC/MS检测。结果表明,金合欢醇和新铃兰醛在1~8 mg/L,反式-2-庚烯醛、香茅醇、2-辛炔酸甲酯、香叶醇、柠檬醛、对甲氧基苄醇、肉桂醇、假紫罗酮、戊基肉桂醇在0.2~8 mg/L,其余37种化合物在0.1~8 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.996 2~0.999 9。在自制的3种塑料材质（ABS、PVC和PC）阳性样品中,致敏性芳香剂的回收率为60.5%~112.3%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~4.6%。其中在ABS塑料玩具中,添加浓度为5和100 mg/kg的48种致敏性芳香剂的加标回收率为83.8%~112.2%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~9.3%,检出限为0.21~13.48 mg/kg,定量限为0.71~44.94 mg/kg。本方法操作简单、提取率高、净化效果好,可用于塑料玩具中48种致敏性芳香剂的实际检测分析。     

Tribological performance of pullulan additives in water-based lubricant

Water can be used as an ecological lubricant base if the water-based additives are properly developed to modify its tribological properties. Additionally, those additives should be friend both to human and nature. Pullulan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide, which is biodegradable and non-toxic and widely used in food and nonfood applications. We focus here on understanding the lubrication properties of pullulan, in aqueous solution in absence and presence of sodium salts. Lubrication is studied using a ball-on-disk tribometer with steel–steel surfaces and the friction coefficient and wear are measured in the boundary lubrication regimes. The adsorption of pullulan molecules onto steel surface is determined by measuring wettability of friction couples. It was found that the addition of pullulan improves the lubricating properties of water. The lubricating performance of Pullulan solution could be further improved if sodium chloride or sodium fluoride is added. The tribological results obtained were correlated with the adsorption capacity of pullulan molecules onto steel surface.